answer choices Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe The eradication of Islam from Central Asia The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial holdings worldwide Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. What were the impacts of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the Americas? The Russian Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major world power. It was distinguished by a global trade network and a system of colonies and dependencies. This included the continuity of using religious ideas to legitimize their rule. Describe the Qing Dynasty (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Quing Dynasty was located in Central Eurasia and used bureaucratic techniques to rule. The Asante benefited from participation in the trading networks as they got slaves, gold, ivory, and kola nuts. In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750? The Russian Empire was a multiethnic state with over 100 ethnic groups living within its borders. During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves further in North Africa and the Indian Ocean, which is why Islam is a dominant religion in those regions. The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. It was also a multicultural state, with Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, and other ethnic groups living there. For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. North of the Spanish territory, the French and British were fueling their rivalry as they competed for land and control of resources. How governments maintain legitimacy varies across empires, but the chart above illustrates two general ways that empires claimed the right to rule. It was founded by Osman I, who established the Ottoman Dynasty and expanded the territory of the empire over the centuries. The Mughal Empire was a Muslim dynasty that ruled India from the early 16th to the mid-19th century. He was approached by Lord Macartney about liberalizing the trade restrictions; turned down the offer claiming that Europe had nothing to offer China. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades. What are some examples of religious tolerance 1450-1700? A tribute of young boys that the Ottomans levied on Christian communities. Unified Hindu and Islamic civilizations. \hline \text { Column 1 } & {10} &{349} \\ Advertisement New questions in History Previous Advertisement \text { Between } \\ However, the Qing Dynasty was also marked by political and social unrest, including several major rebellions and the Taiping Rebellion, which was one of the deadliest conflicts in world history. \end{array} Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. The Safavid Empire was a major regional power and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the Middle East. What were the characteristics of the Safavid Empire? It came to an end in the early 20th century, following the First World War, when the empire was dissolved and its territory was divided into several new states. By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which interactions between societies and cultures affected the institutions of land-based empires in this period. Women were treated fairly, there was religious tolerance, and education was highly valued. What could be done about them? \end{array} & 2314.71 & 36 & 64.30 & & & \\ Protect Muslims, Centralization and bureaucracies. A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. How did the Mexica Aztec organize their empire and generate revenue? The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. Spiritual equality and education so you can read the bible. How did the Ottoman Empire (c. 1300-1922), in Middle East & Southern Europe centralize their bureaucracies? In the Ottoman Empire, they were Christian boys from the Balkans who were enslaved & educated to serve the state) helped to consolidate power by creating a very loyal bureaucracy and elite military (the Janissaries). The Inca Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. Utilization of religious ideas to solidify rule. The Incan Empire, also known as the Inca Empire, was a South American empire that was located in the Andes Mountains. Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai), After kicking out the Mongols, Russians reclaimed their land, Ivan IV started to expand until they reached the Pacific Ocean, Ottomans enslaved young Christian boys from Southeastern Europe and converted them to Islam, worked for the Ottoman government, a local official in Mughal India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government, Belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from god (popular in European monarchies), A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject, A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. SUMMARYGroupsColumn1Column2Column3Column4SourceofVariationBetweenGroupsWithinGroupsTotalCount10101010Ss2997.112314.715311.82Average349348366365df33639MS999.0464.30F15.54p-value1.2E06Fcrit2.866. The Songhai Empire was a West African empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Mali, Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria from the 14th to the 16th century. Tolerant of Central Asian belief systems. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. From the 16th to the early 20th centuries, the British Empire was centered in the British Isles. wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior, religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society, English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval). Describe the Safavid Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Safavid Empire was located in modern-day Iran. The Ottoman Empire was a Muslim empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa from the late 13th to the early 20th century. Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. West New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. They had a powerful military as they conquered land and empires easily. The middle class included the military, scholars, and other bureaucratic groups. It also led the European powers to look for a different route to reach Asia, beginning the Age of Exploration. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Historical Developments Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and . It was founded by the Manchu people, who conquered the Ming Dynasty and established their own rule over China. Bureaucrats called Zamindars were appointed by the emperor to collect taxes based on an individual's land or production. What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation? The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. The demand for chattel slavery increased as demand for labor increased. After the tumultuous years of the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Yuan dynasty, it was also a time of relative peace and prosperity in China. Another knock against the Europeans in this period (1450-1750), is to look at when the Land Based Empires finally fell. South Following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I and the subsequent occupation of Constantinople (Istanbul) by British and other Allied forces, the empire was eventually dissolved in the early twentieth century. A nation's wealth was seen as how much trade they endured and an increase in exports. From the early sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, the Mughal Empire ruled South Asia. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires C. 1450 - 1750 Topic 3.1 Empires Expand Learning Objective Explain how and why various land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450 to 1750. The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. \hline Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. Why? The Qajar dynasty, which followed the Safavids, eventually regained control of the empire and ruled over Iran until the early 20th century. The effects consisted of increased warfare and wealth in West Africa as they traded goods for warfare. How did social hierarchies change in this time? Their Sun God needed human blood so it would not descend into eternal darkness. The most dramatic social changes happened in the Americas because of the influx of Europeans, decimation of Indigenous, and explosion of the African slave trade. In North America, the Spanish had control of the southwest regions, central America, and Florida. Eliminate repetition by replacing the boldfaced word or words with a synonym from your lesson words. Triangular ships adopted by the Arabs, astrolabe which was created from the Muslims, the caravel created by the Portuguese, and the magnifying glass from the Chinese are all technological diffusions are all important developments and innovations. The Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal government led by the Tokugawa family, ruled during this period of political stability and economic growth. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? Repeat part (a) with a sample size of 10. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch had to find another route in order to remain competitive, so they invested in exploration. This made the journey more expensive and more dangerous. Between 1680-1707, the Maratha rebellion continued until they killed the Mughal leader Aurangzeb. The Safavids were Twelver Shia Muslims who made Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. What were the characteristics of the Songhay Empire? The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. Tokugawa, 1868. In Asia, the trend was toward large, land-based empires which were controlled from a central capital city. ruled Mughal India, known for religious tolerance. Unit 3 study guides written by former AP World students to review Land-Based Empires, 1450-1750 with detailed explanations and practice questions. North Your time is up. Emperor who reigned from 1736-1795. At this time, wealth was measured by how much gold or silver a country had on hand. \end{array} & 2997.11 & 3 & 999.04 & 15.54 & 1.2 \mathrm{E}-06 & 2.866 \\ They built strong militaries that were able to give threat to competitive empires. Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Term 1 / 15 Europe Causes/Ways of Expansion Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 15 Monarchies gain pawer due to the end of the medieval period along with more literacy among the population, increasing development economically and centralization Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by The Aztec Empire was known for its sophisticated government system, which included an organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. Forty-Niners Technological improvements in shipbuilding and gunpowder weapons allowed European empires to form and exercise a more . Universities, mosques, and hospitals were built. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. When a large number of these investments failed to return profits, many investors went bankrupt which had rippling effects on the economy. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. How did the Asante benefit from participation in trading networks in this time period? How did this affect ideas of government? What were the characteristics of the Ottoman Empire? Fromthe16thtotheearly20thcenturies,theFrenchEmpirewas centered in France and ruled over the majority of the world. Positive - populations increased, food supply increased, livestock altered the environment and provided Describe European maritime empires: British. It followed the Yuan Dynasty and preceded the Qing Dynasty. The one thing you need to know about this unit: Lots of territory + diverse populations + external challenges = many different ruling styles, techniques and methods. Social classes in the Americas were based on race, which is a pivotal difference from the rest of the world. How did religion legitimize powers in 1450-1700? The French Empire came to an end in the mid-19th century, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. As Europeans explored and colonized Africa and Asia, they set up. It was a Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with labor of particular groups. The economy became more centralized and industrialized, and the arts, including literature, theater, and the tea ceremony, flourished. Mita systems. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? Use these abbreviations: subj.subj.subj. The worldwide transformation into a trade-based economy using gold and silver is known as the, -As a result of increased trade and mining, prices also increased across the board. Although the population of Africa ultimately increased because of increased food resources, in some regions the population declined as slaves were kidnapped. How did the Mexica Aztec justify imperial rule? Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. However, there was a business opportunity in the search for resources. Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Describe new technologies of the 1450 - 1750 time period and specific examples of how they facilitated patterns of trade and travel from 1450 to 1750. As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. The Portuguese Empire was distinguished by a strong centralized government and a global trade and colonization network. Was there a faster route going west? Mercantilism is an economic practice where empires use their economies to grow in state power. The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. In the 18th century, the Spanish Empire began to decline. The caraval, carrack and fluyt were all new technologies that helped countries increase their access to sea trade and travel. (Caravanserai protection of trade routes, and an increase in control of those trade routes led to profit for the Ottoman Empire.). Explain how Sikhism developed in relation to the Mughal Empire. These new scientific discoveries and navigation undoubtedly opened up new trade networks across the Atlantic and Pacific, which also led to mass migrations of people (forced and voluntary). These empires were different, but a few continuities remained. Rulers also continued to use religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule. Religion and cultural ideas continued to play a role, and even spread within empires. They gave lower class white workers. As large empires started state expansion and centralization as they conquered land that was already home to natives, the natives resisted and fought back. It had a centralized, autocratic government and a diverse population that included Muslims, Christians, and Jews. The Aztecs demanded specific goods from conquered people, called Tribute. African Americans The Russian Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of science and technology, as many notable scientists and inventors, including Mikhail Lomonosov and Dmitry Mendeleev, worked and studied in Russia during this time. The Russian Empire lasted from 1721 until the 1917 Russian Revolution. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? Within the military, the. Advanced technologies, the finding of the New World, and knowledge of monsoon winds and currents. 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. What changes in economic and labor systems existed in the 1450 to 1750 time period? Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. The connection of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) unlocked a massive flow of goods, people, ideas, and disease. The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. Include both positive and negative outcomes. Silver and gold, columbian exchange, plantation farming. What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? How did Sognhai rulers in West Africa use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? \text { Variation } The name of the paintin Settled nomads who were not interested in overseas expansion ruled a few of these states. What were the challenges to state power and expansion? This was significant because it also was one of the best ships for sea travel and trade in Europe. The Incas were skilled metalworkers and weavers and produced many works of art and crafts in gold, silver, and other materials. They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. They were able to maintain their power as well as gain power by conquering lands. Negative - no immunity to new diseases, slave rebellion, environmental issues from the new technologies and food. Many cotton and sugar plantations enslaved Africans. Religion (ex: European notion of divine right, Songhai promotion of Islam) grandson of Babur who created a strong central government, officials selected in England to keep order, document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament, A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. Some people have argued "to the victors belong the spoils [riches] of the enemy." Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. Unit 4: Sea-Based Empires Compariso n 1450-1750 Use Pages 199-205 . Use Fisher's LSD method to determine which means differ at the 5% level of significance. What European Christian traditions were changed by the Protestant Reformation? It came to an end in the mid-19th century, as the British East India Company gained more and more control over India and eventually took control of the Mughal Empire. In West Africa, European merchants and missionaries reached inland to the Kongo and Benin. What direction were the people and women moving? 2. Why did they enact these policies? Describe the isolationist policies of China and Japan. Describe cultural syncretism that occurred as a result of the Atlantic trading system. Describe indentured servitude. But there are a few key features of these empires. The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. The Spanish had the purpose of exploiting gold and providing it as a population outlet. Investors were rapidly buying shares based on speculated costs that increased as demand increased. What is the mit'a system and how was it exploited by the Spanish empire? Positive - new technologies and food What methods were used by the Aztec Empire to collect taxes? In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. These measures included Japan's isolation and strict trade regulations. Europeans, after the scientific revolution, were often more advanced with technology and weapons, leading to their dominance in the colony. Consolidated power through their military, alliances, and having control over trade routes. By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Context Practice Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. The era between 1450 and 1750 saw the appearance of several land-based empires who built their power on the use of gunpowder: the Ottomans and the Safavids in Southwest Asia , the Mughals in India , the Ming and Qing in China , and the new Russian Empire. Rulers continue to use religious ideas to justify their rule, Rulers waged conflicts against other rulers of different religions. Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. Why does it have these characteristics? Relying on overland trade was too slow and you couldnt bring all that many goods with you on a camels back. Decide whether the italicized vocabulary word has been used correctly in the sentence. The Russian Empire came to an end in the early 20th century, following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent collapse of the monarchy. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. It was founded by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established himself as Emperor of the French and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. \hline \begin{array}{l} The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. The split intensified because of political rivalries of the Ottoman and Safavid empires and how they connected to Islam. Intensified the tension between the Sunni/Shia hostility. \text { Groups } From 1368 to 1644, China was ruled by the Ming dynasty. China was also set on isolating itself from foreign affairs. Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. Stop!!! 2. Families were separated and there was a gender imbalance because more men were taken than women. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. The Portuguese Empire declined in the nineteenth century. Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. What methods were used by the Ottoman Empire to collect taxes? How did the Civil Service Exam system centralize Qing Dynasties? The Protestant Reformation was the creation of a new branch of Christainity Protestantism that included people that broke from the Roman Catholic Church. In what way might the narrator's family and the police have acted if they thought it was a ghost in the house? Missionaries Even as serfdom was abolished across Europe, Russian serfs were tied to the land through strict laws that had no opportunity for freedom. Followed proper Islamic styles but used the idea of magic. The movement of goods and people had regional consequences. They ruled with aristocrats who were elected based on merit and their power was controlled. the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected). The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. In 1655, the British took control of the land forcing the Spanish out. Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. On the answer line, write Correct for correct use and Incorrect for incorrect use. 2. The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. They brutalized the native population and believed in profit over faith. So states began to practice mercantilist policies, which limited imports and maximized exports. A one-way analysis of variance experiment produced the following ANOVA table. It reduced threats as other empires saw the money they had. How did land based empires consolidate power in this era? The monarchy was restored in France and the territory of the empire was gradually reduced through a series of treaties. The Portuguese controlled some areas on the Indian Ocean network as they strong armed locals, but merchants continued to trade and migrate.
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